United States Government Response to Hurricane Katrina...

According to the Business Dictionary, government involvement is considered any â€Å"regulatory action taken by a government in order to affect or interfere with decisions.† Many accuse the United States’ national government of minimal and slow actions taken after the tragedy of Hurricane Katrina, while others share the blame of this response. Local, state, and national government response will be discussed, focusing on the government’s interaction after the strike of Hurricane Katrina. Katrina hit New Orleans, Louisiana on August 29th, 2005, but the failure of the local government started before this day â€Å"by allowing building and growing in areas in low flood lands.† The local government did not regulate these land areas that have always†¦show more content†¦Many argue that because of this change, the slow reaction of FEMA was expected, but considering a terrorist attack could lead to an evacuation, this idea is proven false. The first problem is really that the bureaucracies and government control in the United States have grown, slowing the reaction time of governmental agency aid. Another reason for the sluggish response of FEMA, even though it advertised otherwise, is the over-cautiousness of governmental agencies. Since criticism is more openly given to government agencies for being under cautious than over cautious, it is easy to see why they chose the later. The third influence is the conflict between government officials, and individual choices. Citizens tend to want to help the ones in danger or in need no matter the consequences, while government officials tend to try to secure their re-election by using the money and resources provided to the best of their ability. Before any government agency can begin to provide assistance, the President must declare a natural disaster, which is usually delayed. Even though Hurricane Katrina was the most anticipated disaster yet to hit America, many agencies claimed to be uninformed for up to two days after the incident. The FEMA says that to be effective, they need to know how many need supplies, what supplies are needed, and where they are needed. How canShow MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesCompanies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing 10% postconsumer waste. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QDB/QDB 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-0-07-811257-7 MHID 0-07-811257-5 Vice President Editor-in-Chief: Brent Gordon Vice President, EDP/CentralRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesAccount Manager Training and implementation support www.wileyplus.com/accountmanager MAKE IT YOURS! Fundamentals of Human Resource Management Tenth Edition David A. DeCenzo Coastal Carolina University Conway, SC Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University San Diego, CA Tenth Edition Contributor Susan L. Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Associate Publisher Executive Editor Senior Editoral Assistant Marketing Manager Marketing AssistantRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages4.2.2 Individual performance appraisals Chapter 7 Managing Risk Chapter 15 Chapter 16 International Projects Oversight 11.1 Risk management process [F.8] 11.2 Identifying risks 11.3.2.2 Impact matrix 11.4 Risk assessment 11.5 Risk responses (.2–.1.2) 11.6 Risk register 7.1.2.5 PERT analysis 7.1.2.6.3 Contingency reserves 7.3.3.4 Change control management G.7 Culture awareness 1.4.4 Project offices 8.1.2 Continuous improvement 5.1 Requirements vs. actual [5.3] Chapter 17 AgileRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 PagesAnd yet , eve of raw resources import n regions with plenty some form of energy. Saudi Arabia, for examp le, the world’s largest oil exporter, imports ref ined petroleum produc ts like gasoline. So if energy independence is an unrealistic goal, how does everyone get the fuel a world of rising demand they need, especially in , supply disruptions, nat ural disasters, and unstable regimes? True global energy sec urity will be a result of cooperation and engage ment, not isolationism When investment andRead MoreTestbook Answers112756 Words   |  452 Pagespolicy does not matter to the shareholders under ideal conditions. It may be worth noting that a crucial requirement here, following from ideal conditions, is that the investors and the firm both earn interest on financial assets at the same rate. 3. Year 1 At time 0, you know that if the bad economy state is realized, ex post net income for year 1 will be a loss of $23.97. If the good economy state is realized, ex post net income will be $76.03. Since the probability of each state is 0.50

A Comparison of Romantic Love in Shakespeares Sonnets ...

Shakespeares Sonnets Romantic Love in As You Like It Shakespeares comedy As You Like It is clearly a pastoral comedy with a country setting, a theme revolving around love and a story which consists of a series of accidental meetings between characters and a resolution involving transformations of characters and divine intervention. The comedy involves the traditional literary device of moving urban characters into the country where they have to deal with life in a different manner. Whereas the pastoral comedy was usually a vehicle for satire on corrupted urban values, in this play the satire appears to be directed at the convention of Petrarchan love.(Rosenblum, 86) Renaissance conventions of love were strongly†¦show more content†¦For Petrarch, the sonnet sequence consisted of a series of love poems written by an adoring lover to an unattainable lady of unsurpassed beauty and grace. The love in his sonnets was elaborate and artificial. The unattainable love object of Petrarch inspired many English poets. By Shakespeares time, the sonnet sequence and its subject matter, was a well established convention. (Moulton, 561) The English altered the sonnet into three quatrains and a concluding couplet.The Petrarchan convention of love embodied a despairing lover writing to a lovely distant lady in terms ofworshipful adoration and reverent praise. Sir Phillip Sidneys Astrophil and Stella contributed to the Petrarchan sonnets immense popularity in the 1590s. However, an anti-Petrarchan convention appeared in which the woman to whom to the sonnet was addressed was castigated as deceitful and an ugly manipulator. By the time Shakespeare wrote his Sonnets, the sonnet form had developed subject matter that was both faithful adoration of the idealized lover and spiteful contempt for an individual unworthy of love. A final piece of the sonnet convention was the celebration of the poets wit, his ability to express himself in metaphors and clever conceits. The Petrarchan sonnet, therefore, stood as a testament to the poets skill with words and encouraged a representation of love as highly artificial and literar y. (Booth, 116) ShakespeareShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Poetry Of Love1612 Words   |  7 PagesAs you are aware this session will focus on the poetry of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare was a world-renowned poet and playwright. Shakespeare had a romantic heart and his poetry is shaped by love. His poems usually depict the passion and sacredness of relationships. By comparing two poems from William Shakespeare it is shown how he has been able to articulate the poetic theme of love. This seminar will analyze and explore two of Shakespeare’s poems focusing on the particular theme of love. ShakespeareRead MoreSonnet 130 and My Ugly Love Contrast and Comparison Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesSonnet 130 and My Ugly Love Contrast and Comparison Shakespeare’s sonnet 130, â€Å"My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun† and Pablo Neruda’s â€Å"My ugly love† are popularly known to describe beauty in a way hardly anyone would write: through the truth. It’s a common fact that modern lovers and poets speak or write of their beloved with what they and the audience would like to hear, with kind and breathtaking words and verses. Yet, Shakespeare and Neruda, honest men as they both were, chose to writeRead MoreThe Movement Of The 18th And 17th Century Essay1526 Words   |  7 Pageshistory, hundreds of poets have come to the forefront to showcase their depth in poetic expression. Of interest is the variability in poetic expression that entices you to want to step into the mind of a poet and make connections between poetic periods to understand a poet’s influencers. The need to be in a poet’s zone invariably sets you inside a poetic movement or community. Major poetic moveme nts include Greek Poetry Schools (6th century BC), Provencal literature (11th-12th century), Silican courtRead MoreA Very Brief Biography of William Shakespeare1609 Words   |  6 Pagespassion for love, was one of the most prestige playwright, poet, and actor from the British Literature. He contributed his whole life writing some of the finest and well known plays and poems that are still highly valued in the present literary world. Shakespeare’s conventional themes for most of his plays and poems are about universal matters such as love, jealousy, and beauty which were common focus during the Renaissance era. During this period, Shakespeare’s poems, Sonnet 29 and Sonnet 130, demonstratesRead MoreA Literary Analysis On The Shall I Compare Thee? Essay784 Words   |  4 PagesA Literary Analysis on the â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee?† (Sonnet XVIII) by William Shakespeare and the â€Å"To his Coy Mistress† Poem by Andrew Marvell This article compares the poems â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee?† (Sonnet XVIII) with â€Å"To his Coy Mistress† and examines the purposes of the poems and their implemented poetry techniques to convey their poets ideas. On first look it seems both poems are sharing the common ideas of â€Å"Love† but by analyzing the poems, it becomes clear that the purposes of the two poemsRead MoreShakespeare s Sonnets Of 14 Lines1542 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s sonnets of 14 lines, are written in iambic pentameter, five metrical feet to a line, each foot having one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, with three quatrains and rhymed couplet scheme of abab cdcd efef gg. Often the beginning of the third quatrain marks the line in which the mood turns, and the poet expresses a revelation or epiphany. Shakespeare in his unique way, wrote Sonnet 99 with fifteen lines, Sonnet 126 has six couplets and two blank lines marked withRead MoreSonnet Analysis E ssay1249 Words   |  5 Pageswhen you think of love, is it flowers, chocolates and teddy bears or maybe a romantic sonnet? The clichà © of these superficial representations have been around for years and continue to plague our society today. But are the traditional roses on Valentine’s Day and anniversaries really a good signification of true love or would you prefer a unique and realistic approach? Good morning/ good afternoon Mr. Day and classmates, today I will be comparing two sonnets. TheseRead MoreLove And Hate By Raymond Carver955 Words   |  4 Pagesnotion of Love and hate is a complicated idea. They can be experienced and explained differently depending on who is answering. In the short story, â€Å"What We Talk About When We Talk About Love,† by Raymond Carver, love is portrayed through three different lenses: Terri’s, Mel’s, and Nick’s perspective. Correspondingly, in William Shakespeare’s poem, â€Å"Sonnet 130,† the speaker has a unique way of describing his mistress, for most people would believe this to be hate, not love. The theme of love and hateRead MoreCarol Ann Duffys Anne Hathaway Poem Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagesanalyse its foundation, its inspiration, its very reason for being - in order to truly understand and appreciate the poets work. So, it stands to reason, that I must first analyse the quote from Shakespeares will, before addressing the poem itself, as Carol Ann Duffy has drawn o ur attention to it. Whether you acknowledge it or not I gyve unto my wife my second best bed is a powerful sentence, it screams indistinguishable volumes. These were the last words of comfort to a widow, someone who had spentRead MoreDoes the Brutal Truth in Sonnet 130 and a Beautiful Young Nymph Going to Bed Take Away the Beauty of the Poem?1902 Words   |  8 PagesDoes the brutal truth in Shakespeare’s ‘Sonnet 130’ and Swift’s ‘A beautiful Young Nymph going to bed’, take away from the beauty of the two poems. Beauty and aesthetics can be defined as â€Å"Nothing more nor less, than sensitivity to the sublime and the beautiful and an aversion to the ordinary and ugly†, this means that beauty can be absolutely anything which is beautiful as long as it is not ugly or ordinary, this may seem harsh, much like the poems by William Shakespeare and Jonathan Swift. In

Wireless Networks for OSI Communication Model - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theWireless Networks for OSI Communication Model. Answer: The inner workings of the physical layer of the standards IEEE 802.11a and 802.11b The physical layer is the lowest layer of the OSI communication model and it majorly is involved with the transmission of data across devices having different specification and operation parameters. In essence, it supports the transmission of signals across electrical and mechanical systems offering a means to transport the 802.11 frame in this instance(Pearson, 2017). IEEE 802.11a This standard offers a competitive alternative to wired communication where data is transferred across the electromagnetic spectrum. Now, as a wireless technology, the standard is characterized by the OFDM multiplexing technique that increases the bandwidth of transmission. In essence, OFDM (Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) facilitates the diversification of the communication channel by splitting it based on the operational frequency(world, 2017). Nevertheless, its inner workings of the physical layer are as shown below: First, the layer operates with a 54 Mbps data rate that is supported by a 5 GHz frequency band. This operational band is then usually diversified by the OFDM technique which splits the transmission channel (radio spectrum) into 48 different subsections. These sections are then spread across the wider channel width of 20 MHz Now, following this separation, several data rates are offered to the users including; 6, 12 and 24 Mbps. Moreover, due to the variations in operational speeds, the standard applies other extended modulation techniques which supplement the original multiple access method. First, the binary phase shift keying (BPSK) is used for operations that fall within the 6 Mbps data rate. Secondly, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is then used for functionalities having 54 Mbps data rates(Geier, 802.11a Physical Layer Revealed, 2003). IEEE 802.11b Another wireless standard that is an advancement of the original 802.11 standards having improved speeds and data rates. The 802.11b standard operates within a 300-meter distance range defining both the physical and MAC layer of communications(Primer, 2013). The inner workings of the physical layer: First, unlike the previous standard, its frequency band falls with the ISM range i.e. the Industrial, Scientific and Medical band. In the US this band falls between the frequencies of 2.4 and 2.4835 GHz, whereas in other countries such as Japan the range falls between 2.471 and 2.497 GHz. Furthermore, the bandwidth of operation is split into 14 subsequent channels of 22 MHz each. These subsequent bands overlap each other facilitating the exchange of information across different devices. In addition to this, the standard is characterized by a chip rate of 11MHz which facilitates the transmission of signals with the following rates; 1, 2, 5.5 and 11 Mbps. Finally, the standard uses the spread spectrum technique to multiplex signals i.e. the DSSS plus an addition of the complementary code key modulation (CCK)(Koivisto, 2006). Attribute 802.11a 802.11b Frequency band 5 GHz 2.4 GHz (ISM) Data rates 6, 12, 24 Mbps 1, 2, 5.5 and 11 Mbps Multiplexing technique OFDM DSSS Modulation technique BPSK and QAM CCK 802.11i authentication In general, the 802.11 standard is a specification for implementing wireless networks (WLANs) that defines both the media access control (MAC) and the physical layer. The original standard operated with a 900 MHz frequency band that extended to cover up to 60 GHz range. Moreover, the 802.11 standards used basic authentication and encryption techniques more so the WPA (WiFi protection access) and the WEP (wired equivalent privacy)(Chaplin, 2005). These standard were both weak and were easily cracked which led to the development of the 802.11i standard that operates with higher security standards including the application of the WPA2, which above its better authentication structure is supported by AES (advanced encryption standard). Nevertheless, during the authentication of devices across networks (clients to servers) a robust and resilient procedure is followed through the application of a four-way handshake. This handshake operates with a group keying systems that involves three elements; the supplicant (client), the authentication server and the general authenticators (i.e. the relaying party)(Latour, 2012). Furthermore, the extensible authentication protocol (EAP) is usually the defining protocol for the 4-way handshake as outlined below (The process): First, the client sends a notification to the server in the of an EAP message. The access port then sends an EAP request to the authenticators in an attempt to relay communications. From here, the clients EAP response from the server is followed by an encryption process of (proxied communication) with both the authenticator and server communications. The server then requests the client to identify itself by verifying its credentials. Now, depending on the clients response, the server either accepts or rejects the connection request. In an accepted scenario, the virtual access port of the server is turned into an authorized state which grants the client access to the server. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) To understand the usage of VPNs in establishing secure and encrypted connections, one must highlight their operational platform i.e. the internet. In all, the internet is a public infrastructure or environment that is populated with many networks. Now, although these networks maybe protected, users requiring secure connections cannot trust the existing channels of communication. Therefore, VPNs facilitate this functionality by creating private access channels that link different points across the public medium of the internet(MPR). Now, two general methods are followed: Remote access where parties located in remote areas access localized networks (LANs) using specific access portals. Site to site VPNs which are used on a larger scale having specific point to point connections across the internet. In this case, the connections are usually unique at each instance and are supported by specialized accounts. In terms of the techniques of operation, VPN uses a system of keys to authenticate the users accessing the established private networks. These keys can either by systematical where common keys are shared among the users or asymmetrical keys that require specialized authenticators to verify them (public-private keys)(Cisco, 2008). In addition to this, a number of encryption standards facilitate the operations of VPNs including IPsec which holds a wide range of authentication, encryption and integrity standards. Moreover, the GRE (generic routing encapsulation) protocol is also used to meet the same objectives. WMAN and ZeeTech operations To meet its customers ever-growing demands, ZeeTech a multinational company has established five different offices in Melbourne. These offices require a common connection to aid the companys operations and services. Now, as a solution the company envisions a wireless metropolitan area network (WMAN) that could serve all the enterprises offices. This section analyses the different technologies that could meet this objective. WMAN WMAN serve as suitable substitutes for wired broadband connections that require extensive expenses owing to the installation of physical infrastructures such as copper cables and extensive switching cabinets(UOM, 2005). Moreover, in some applications WMANs serve as convenient backups in case the wired systems fail. In this scenario, the following WMAN technologies are proposed: HiperMAN HiperACCESS WiMAX HiperMAN This technology is one of the original standards of implementing WMAN for broadband connections. To start with, HiperMAN operates within the 2 to 11 GHz frequency range which facilitates the transmission of signals under the low frequencies. This frequency band has minimal penetration power which limits the amount of information transferred as well as the distance of operations. On the other hand, the standard also offers a medium sized data rate of 25 Mbit/s which when coupled with its optimal point to multipoint configuration increases the amount of information transmitted. However, to cater for higher rates and information quota, extra resources must be established which increases the overall expenditures. Furthermore, its security features are rudimentary as compared to those of the other two(works, 2017). HiperACCESS An interoperable and integrative standard that offers broadband connections to a wide range of wireless devices. Unlike HiperMAN, this technology supports the operation of mobile devices through the use of backhaul services such as GSM and GPRS. This functionality is welcomed in ZeeTechs operations as they may require the different office to communicate via mobile systems. Furthermore, its connection offers a higher data rate of 100 Mbit/s which increases speeds of communication facilitating better services for the company. In addition to this, HiperACCESS uses a high-frequency band of 40.5 GHz which may be extended to about 43.5 GHz thus facilitate a wider coverage(WMICH, 2015). Now, the cost is minimal when compared to HiperMAN owing to its operational frequencies, however, when low frequencies are considered the technology balances out with its predecessor as additional resources are needed. However, it has better security features which include advanced access control systems. WiMAX The final technology considered for the company at hand that has better features and attributes as compared to the rest. Now, to start with, WiMAX operates within the IEEE 802.16 standard which among other functionalities, enhances the compatibility of wireless devices which boosts the integration wireless devices(IEEE, 2016). Furthermore, the technology offers both first and last mile connections serving at a high-frequency range of 66 GHz. This frequency band extends wireless broadband connections to distances of about 50 kilometres. This distance of operation would conveniently serve ZeeTech who on occasion may require field workers to perform their marketing operations. On the other hand, its data rates are better as compared to those discussed so far as they extend beyond the 100 Mbit/s mark to around 1 Gbit/s. Now, when this rate and frequency range are combined, the technology provides a bigger service area that other WMAN technology that cannot offer. Finally, in terms of the security features, WiMAX offers advanced authentication techniques such as the PKMv2 and over the air encryption which facilitates the maintenance of secure end to end connection. Multiplexing technologies for second generation mobile communication (2G) Time division multiple access (TDMA) In wireless communication, the transmission channel is usually confined within the limits of the radio spectrum. This limitation necessitates the need to diversify and spread the existing area through the multiplexing techniques. TDMA is one such technique that uses time allocations to assign bandwidth to the communicating users. In essence, the technique will divide the frequency of operation (bandwidth) into different sections based on a timing schematic(Fendelman, 2017). This separation process will result into different time slots that the communicating parties are assigned thus facilitating the transmission of multiple signals across common channels. Attributes of TDMA: The technique uses time slots to assign the bandwidth of communication. Its functional data rate varies between 64 kbps and 120 Mbps. Moreover, it can adequately transmit both data and voice. Furthermore, its operations are based on the immediate needs of the users which optimize the battery life as its only activated when needed. Finally, its optimal for analogue to digital signal conversion owing to its minimal cost expenditures(Electronicdesign, 2017). Code division multiple access (CDMA) A similar technique to TDMA that usually aims to maximize the bandwidth of operations through the diversification of the radio spectrum. However, unlike TDMA that allocates space after dividing it into various frequency bands, CDMA assigns signals unique identification codes that facilitate the transmission of multiple signals under single communication channels. In essence, CDMA will not divide the bandwidth of communication and instead will assign signals pseudo-codes which will identify them to the transmitters and receivers(Fendelman, 2017). Therefore, each signal uses the entire bandwidth during transmission which optimizes the process, due to the overwhelming size of the channels capacity. Moreover, the pseudo-codes improves the security of the technique as they are uniquely identified by the users. Attributes CDMA is a spread spectrum technique. Its also convenient for both data and voice transmission. Furthermore, it facilitates a higher transmission capacity. Finally, it has good security features owing to the application of pseudo-codes(Segan, 2017). Global system for mobile communications (GSM) An open digital and cellular technology that is used for wireless transmission of information through mobile devices. GSM supports both voice and data communication through a circuit switched technique. In essence, GSM uses a circuit switching to establish the network of communication before embarking on the transmission process. In addition to this, GSM also divides the overall channel of communication into smaller convenient sizes which facilitate the multiplexing process(Segan, 2017). In all, a 200 kHz bandwidth is divided among 8 different channels which result into communications slots of 25 kHz. Attributes Similar to the other two, its operations support both data and voice transmission. It also has a wider frequency band. Finally, its characterized as a circuit switched technology(Rouse, 2017). References Chaplin, C. (2005). 802.11i Overview. Retrieved 02 October, 2017, from: https://ieee802.org/16/liaison/docs/80211-05_0123r1.pdf. Electronicdesign. (2017). Fundamentals of Communications Access Technologies: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, OFDMA, AND SDMA. Communications, Retrieved 02 October, 2017, from: https://www.electronicdesign.com/communications/fundamentals-communications-access-technologies-fdma-tdma-cdma-ofdma-and-sdma. Fendelman, A. (2017). Cellphone Glossary: What Is GSM vs. EDGE vs. CDMA vs. TDMA? Life wire, Retrieved 02 October, 2017, from: https://www.lifewire.com/gsm-edge-cdma-tdma-578682. MPR. (n.d.). Virtual Private Networks. VPN2, Retrieved 02 October, 2017, from: https://web.fe.up.pt/~mricardo/05_06/redesip/acetatos/vpnv2.pdf. Pearson. (2017). IEEE 802.11 Physical Layers. Pearson, Retrieved 02 October, 2017, from: https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=19825seqNum=3. Primer. (2013). Wi-Fi: Overview of the 802.11 Physical Layer and Transmitter Measurements. Retrieved 02 October, 2017, from: https://www.nortelcoelectronics.se/document-file5116?lcid=1053pid=Native-ContentFile-File. Rouse, M. (2017). GSM (Global System for Mobile communication). Retrieved 02 October, 2017, from: https://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/GSM. Segan, S. (2017). CDMA vs. GSM: What's the Difference? PC reviews , Retrieved 02 October, 2017, from: https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2407896,00.asp. world, R. w. (2017). Overview of 802.11a physical layer. Home of RF and Wireless Vendors and Resources, Retrieved 02 October, 2017, from: https://www.rfwireless-world.com/Articles/Overview_of_11a_PHY_layer.html.